Dyspnea on minimal exertion in a 92-year-old male, involving accessory muscle use and raised jugular venous pressure, suggests severe systemic decompensation due to heart, kidney, and respiratory failure. Cardiac failure leads to poor cardiac output, causing fluid overload and pulmonary congestion, increasing the work of breathing. Kidney failure exacerbates fluid retention and electrolyte imbalances, worsening the pulmonary edema. Respiratory failure, possibly due to reduced lung function or mu

In a patient with a 2-month history of dyspnea on exertion, a transthoracic echocardiogram (shown in a video) reveals an abnormal echogenic structure adjacent to the aortic root that appears to be consistent with soft tissue. | The New England Journal of Medicine