This system of deep subsidies distorts consumption patterns, encourages waste and drains public resources. Independent ...

Projections show daily demand could climb to 187 million liters by 2029, while the country’s best-case production outlook is 110–115 million liters. Even if output somehow reaches 140 million liters, ...

According to Javan-Bakht, Tehran Municipality plans a rapid increase in the use of treated wastewater for irrigation across ...

In a significant shift in Iran’s fuel pricing framework, the Cabinet has approved a new regulation that raises the price of ...

Industrial power outages already persist as a structural challenge. From early May to mid-October, most industrial estates ...

The study defines the middle class using an absolute, PPP-based standard: individuals with $11–$110 in daily per-capita ...

Iran’s Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi will travel to France on November 26 for talks with French Foreign Minister Jean‑Noël ...

Every winter, Iranian cities face severe smog due to temperature inversion and fine particulate matter. This year, however, ...

Energy uncertainty—electricity cuts in summer and gas shortages in winter—has become another major deterrent. Combined with ...

Experts warn that without urgent reform, Iran will face even harsher shortages, permanent industrial rationing and declining ...

Iran’s liquidity growth is once again edging toward a historical high, driven largely by the government’s mounting reliance ...

Although only 14 power plants are officially permitted to burn mazut, its use has surged. According to public data, Iran’s mazut consumption has nearly tripled in six years, rising from about 14 ...