If you notice that the icons are broken in Windows 11/10, first, try refreshing the desktop. If that doesn't work, you can rebuild the icon cache or disable the icon packs.

One reason I tend to think the problem might be with all icons rather than just shortcuts is that icons utilize a facility called the icon cache.

If some icons on your desktop or Explorer appear smaller than others, rebuild the icon cache, clear thumbnail cache, convert URL shortcuts to normal shortcuts, etc.

How to Rebuild the Icon Cache With Command Prompt The Windows 10 OS maintains which icons to display on your desktop via cache files.

A corrupted icon cache can cause your icons to lose their normal appearance. A quick and easy batch file rebuilds the cache in a flash.