Fuzzy set correlation techniques provide a mathematical framework for quantifying relationships among elements characterised by uncertainty and imprecision. By extending classical correlation measures ...

IN THE mid-1990s, an algorithm trained on hospital admission data made a surprising prediction. It said that people who presented with pneumonia were more likely to survive if they also had asthma.

Pair correlation theory examines the distribution of spacings between elements of numerical sequences when scaled to a natural local scale. In its most classical setting, one considers a sequence of ...

You often hear the admonition “correlation does not imply causation.” But what exactly is causation? Unlike correlation, which has a specific mathematical meaning, causation is a slippery concept that ...