It has long been assumed that there is only one 'canonical' genetic code, so each word means the same thing to every organism. Now, this paradigm has been challenged by the discovery of large numbers ...

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 104, No. 26 (Jun. 26, 2007), pp. 10824-10829 (6 pages) In universal-code eukaryotes, a single-translation ...

How does DNA determine an organism’s characteristics? A process called translation decodes RNA created during transcription, and uses it to create proteins that perform specific cellular functions.

Gene editing can repair mutations that prematurely halt protein synthesis, resulting in incomplete peptides that cause various diseases. However, other approaches achieve the same effect without ...

The genetic code is made up of a total of 64 base triplets or codons. At least one codon encodes the information for each of the 20 amino acids used in the synthesis of proteins during translation.

Some microorganisms found in nature and not grown in the laboratory reinterpret the instructions coded into their DNA. Short segments of DNA that signal other organisms to stop adding building blocks ...

The genetic code is the recipe for life, and provides the instructions for how to make proteins, generally using just 20 ...

Combining MAGE with CAGE allowed the genome to manipulated as an editable and evolvable template. Scientists have combined a recently developed technique known as multiplex automated genome ...

The complete nucleotide sequence of the tapeworm Taenia solium mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been determined. The sequence is 13,709 base pairs in length and contains 36 genes (12 for proteins ...

The beauty of the DNA code is that organisms interpret it unambiguously. Each three-letter nucleotide sequence, or codon, in ...